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Web-search provider plugins register a backend that services web_search, web_extract, and (optionally) deep-crawl tool calls. Built-in providers — Firecrawl, SearXNG, Tavily, Exa, Parallel, Brave Search (free tier), xAI, and DDGS — all ship as plugins under plugins/web/<name>/. You can add a new one, or override a bundled one, by dropping a directory next to them.

Hermes scans for web-search backends in three places:

1. Bundled — <repo>/plugins/web/<name>/ (auto-loaded with kind: backend, always available)
2. User — ~/.hermes/plugins/web/<name>/ (opt-in via plugins.enabled or hermes plugins enable <name>)
3. Pip — packages declaring a hermes_agent.plugins entry point

Each plugin's register(ctx) function calls ctx.register_web_search_provider(...) — that puts the instance into the registry in agent/web_search_registry.py. The active provider for each capability is picked by config:

When neither key is set, Hermes auto-detects the backend from whichever API key/URL is present in the environment. hermes tools walks users through selection.

plugins/web/my-backend/
├── __init__.py     # register() entry point
├── provider.py     # WebSearchProvider subclass
└── plugin.yaml     # Manifest with kind: backend and provides_web_providers

brave_free/ and ddgs/ are the smallest in-tree references — brave_free for an API-key-gated search-only provider, ddgs for a no-key provider that lazy-installs its SDK.

Subclass agent.web_search_provider.WebSearchProvider. The only required members are name, is_available(), and whichever of search() / extract() you implement. (Deep crawling is not a separate method — it's a mode of extract().)

# plugins/web/my-backend/provider.py
from __future__ import annotations


from typing import Any, Dict, List

from agent.web_search_provider import WebSearchProvider


class MyBackendWebSearchProvider(WebSearchProvider):
    """Minimal search-only provider against the My Backend HTTP API."""

    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        # Stable id used in web.search_backend / web.extract_backend / web.backend
        # config keys. Lowercase, no spaces; hyphens permitted.
        return "my-backend"

    @property
    def display_name(self) -> str:
        # Human label shown in `hermes tools`. Defaults to `name`.
        return "My Backend"

    def is_available(self) -> bool:
        # Cheap check — env var present, optional dep importable, etc.
        # MUST NOT make network calls (runs on every `hermes tools` paint).
        return bool(os.getenv("MY_BACKEND_API_KEY", "").strip())

    def supports_search(self) -> bool:
        return True

    def supports_extract(self) -> bool:
        return False

    def search(self, query: str, limit: int = 5) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        import httpx

        api_key = os.environ["MY_BACKEND_API_KEY"]
        try:
            resp = httpx.get(
                "https://api.example.com/search",
                params={"q": query, "count": max(1, min(int(limit), 20))},
                headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"},
                timeout=15,
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            data = resp.json()
        except httpx.HTTPError as exc:
            return {"success": False, "error": str(exc)}

        # Response shape is fixed — see "Response shape" below.
        return {
            "success": True,
            "data": {
                "web": [
                    {
                        "title": item.get("title", ""),
                        "url": item.get("url", ""),
                        "description": item.get("snippet", ""),
                        "position": idx + 1,
                    }
                    for idx, item in enumerate(data.get("results", []))
                ],
            },
        }

# plugins/web/my-backend/__init__.py
from plugins.web.my_backend.provider import MyBackendWebSearchProvider


def register(ctx) -> None:
    """Plugin entry point — called once at load time."""
    ctx.register_web_search_provider(MyBackendWebSearchProvider())

Full contract in agent/web_search_provider.py. Methods you may override:

Providers can advertise multiple capabilities from a single class — Firecrawl, Tavily, Exa, and Parallel all implement both search and extract. Brave Search and DDGS are search-only; SearXNG is search-only with a documented "pair me with an extract provider" workflow.

The tool wrapper expects a fixed envelope so it doesn't have to translate between backends.

Search success:

{
    "success": True,
    "data": {
        "web": [
            {"title": str, "url": str, "description": str, "position": int},
            ...
        ],
    },
}

Extract success:

{
    "success": True,
    "data": [
        {
            "url": str,
            "title": str,
            "content": str,
            "raw_content": str,
            "metadata": dict,    # optional
            "error": str,        # optional, only on per-URL failure
        },
        ...
    ],
}

Either capability, on failure:

{"success": False, "error": "human-readable message"}

Both search() and extract() may be async def — the dispatcher detects coroutine functions via inspect.iscoroutinefunction and awaits accordingly. Sync implementations that do blocking I/O (HTTP, SDK calls) are fine for small backends; the dispatcher handles threading.

Hermes routes calls to the right provider based on the supports_* flags. A common multi-provider setup:

# ~/.hermes/config.yaml
web:
  search_backend: "brave-free"     # search-only, fast, free 2k/mo
  extract_backend: "firecrawl"     # extract + crawl, paid quota

When web.search_backend or web.extract_backend aren't set, both fall through to web.backend. When that's also unset, Hermes picks the first available provider that supports the requested capability based on env-var presence.

If your provider only supports one capability, leave the other flags at their default (False) and the registry will skip it for that tool — users won't see misleading "provider X failed" errors when they're using X only for search and asking the agent to extract.

The web_search and web_extract tools live in tools/web_tools.py. At call time they:

1. Read the relevant config key (web.search_backend for web_search, web.extract_backend for web_extract)
2. Ask the registry for the provider with that name
3. Check is_available() and the matching supports_*() flag
4. Dispatch to search() / extract() (deep crawl runs as a mode inside extract()), awaiting if the method is a coroutine
5. JSON-serialize the response envelope and hand it back to the LLM

Errors surface as the tool result; the LLM decides how to explain them. If no provider is registered (or every available one fails the capability gate), the tool returns a helpful error pointing at hermes tools.

If your provider wraps a third-party SDK (like DDGS does with the ddgs package), don't import it at module top level. Use tools.lazy_deps.ensure(...) inside is_available() or search() — Hermes will install the package on first use, gated by security.allow_lazy_installs. See Build a Hermes Plugin → Lazy-install for the security model.

• plugins/web/brave_free/ — small, API-key-gated, search-only HTTP provider. Good starting template.
• plugins/web/ddgs/ — no-key provider that lazy-installs its SDK. Useful pattern for backends that wrap a Python package.
• plugins/web/firecrawl/ — full multi-capability provider (search + extract + crawl) with multiple format modes.
• plugins/web/searxng/ — self-hosted, URL-configured backend with no auth.
• plugins/web/xai/ — LLM-backed search via Grok's server-side web_search tool. Shows how to reuse an existing OAuth/env-var credential surface (tools/xai_http.py) without adding new env vars, and how to write a cheap is_available() that honors the no-network contract.

# pyproject.toml
[project.entry-points."hermes_agent.plugins"]
my-backend-web = "my_backend_web_package"

my_backend_web_package must expose a top-level register function. See Distribute via pip in the general plugin guide for the full setup.

• Web Search — user-facing feature documentation and per-backend configuration
• Plugins overview — all plugin types at a glance
• Build a Hermes Plugin — general tools/hooks/slash commands guide